The number of Americans living outside the United States as expatriates continues to grow. Recent estimates put the expatriate population at over 9 million U.S. citizens living long-term in other countries. There are many reasons why people may become expatriates including work, retirement, marriage or adventure. However, there are also additional responsibilities to consider as an American expatriate.

• Taxes. U.S. citizens are still required by law to file income taxes annually regardless of where they live or earn income. This includes taxes on worldwide income from all sources. Failure to file the proper IRS forms can result in penalties and legal consequences upon re-entering the U.S. Working with an accountant or tax professional who understands expatriate issues is important for compliance.
• Healthcare. While living abroad, you may need to arrange private health insurance as a U.S. citizen is typically not eligible for national healthcare in other countries. Medicaid and Medicare benefits are only provided within the United States. Make sure any insurance you purchase provides coverage for medical evacuation in case of emergencies.
• Social Security. U.S. Social Security benefits are only payable to citizens living in the 50 states, Washington D.C. or U.S. territories. Expatriates may be eligible for a reduced benefit if they live in a country with a social security agreement with the U.S. Most expats will not receive Social Security unless they return to America.
• Voting. You have the right to vote as an American citizen no matter your country of residence. However, you will need to request absentee ballots for all local, state and federal elections. Keep your voter registration up to date with your new overseas address to avoid issues. Some states have additional requirements for expat voters.
• Estate and Asset Management. It is important to create legal documentation such as a will, power of attorney and health care proxy before leaving the U.S. Make sure any trusted contacts or family members have copies of all important documents. Also, consider how you wish to distribute or manage assets if for any reason you are unable to return to America.
• Travel. Maintain a valid U.S. passport to ensure you can re-enter the United States at any time if needed. Be aware of any travel advisories in place for countries you visit as an expatriate and how they may impact re-entering the U.S. Flying an American flag at your overseas residence may also be seen as patriotic by some expat communities.
• Local Laws. Make sure you understand all laws, regulations, customs and etiquette of the country or countries where you establish residence to avoid legal trouble. Become familiar with taxation, employment, property ownership, import/export and general conduct as expected of residents. Your expatriate status does not exempt you from following local laws.

In summary, while living as an American expatriate can be very rewarding, it is important to go into the experience with your eyes open to additional responsibilities. Properly managing taxes, healthcare, finances, legal matters and local compliance will ensure you can live abroad hassle-free while still maintaining your U.S. citizenship rights and passport.